Diagnosis of infectious diseases, including sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), is based on a comprehensive and systematic study of the patient, which includes: medical history, objective examination of the dynamic organ systems, analysis of lab tests the patient.
Only your doctor, based on studying history, observation of clinical manifestations and analysis of laboratory results, diagnoses the patient and prescribe, and for an accurate diagnosis the doctor must use, usually a combination of at least two methods of investigation or hold a new study by the same method .
The most reliable modern methods of laboratory diagnosis of infections are:
* PCR (polymerase chain reaction) - DNA identification of pathogens;
* EIA (enzyme immunoassay) - Identification of brand name viagra antibodies (immunoglobulins - IgM, IgA, IgG), developed by the human body in response to the presence of pathogens,
* Microbiological method for isolating cultures of pathogens with the definition of their sensitivity to antibiotics.
STI currently occupy a leading position in the structure of an infectious disease. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the spread of STIs tends to be a significant increase.
STDs are a risk factor and cause severe pathology of male and female reproductive organs, infertility, pregnancy and delivery complications, neonatal diseases, urological pathologies, as well as some chronic diseases of vessels, joints, lungs and others.
Pathogens of STDs are bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses. STDs can be transmitted sexually, from mother to fetus is rare - contact-household transmission (through the sponge, towels, hand).
Infection with sexually transmitted pathogens do not always lead to infection and the development of the disease. Much depends on the immune system, concentration and virulence of specific pathogens.
All STDs can become chronic and persistent form.
After previous STD immunity to reinfection does not occur.
The reasons for the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases are a frequent change of sexual partners, the violation of the rules of personal hygiene, late diagnosis, often - nedolechennye infections, shortness of diagnosis and treatment of chronic and latent (asymptomatic) form of disease and the prevalence of healthy carriers of certain microorganisms.
Clinical manifestations of STDs are often nonspecific or mild, with the possible long-term asymptomatic disease. This complicates the symptomatic diagnosis of many sexually transmitted diseases and increases the importance of identifying the causative agent by laboratory diagnosis.
To obtain reliable results of laboratory diagnosis of STDs, allowing the doctor to put an etiological diagnosis, made use of at least two ways. Strategy for laboratory diagnosis and detection of pathogens of STDs depends on the characteristics of flow and phase of the disease, the biological cycles of the relevant pathogens, their numbers and characteristics of interaction with the human immune system.
For example, to detect chlamydia, herpes virus group, toxoplasm analyze the results of PCR and ELISA studies. And in laboratory diagnosis of mycoplasmosis and ureaplasmosis use a combination of PCR with the sowing of crops and the release of these agents. To detect nonspecific conditionally pathogenic use of smear microscopy in combination with seeding and separation of cultures.
It is important to as quickly as possible to diagnose using the capabilities of modern Not just a byproduct laboratory research, to initiate treatment and monitor treatment outcome.
Laboratory of Genetically Engineered Systems "LAGIS offers a wide range of laboratory services: identifying the DNA of infectious agents by PCR, ELISA studies of IgM, IgA, IgG, microbiological investigations.
Also at the Laboratory conduct genetic studies using PCR and determination of hormones, tumor markers, autoantibodies by ELISA.
Dr Horrible
Human health
الأربعاء، 29 ديسمبر 2010
الاثنين، 27 ديسمبر 2010
Dossier on himself
Any type of professional activity is associated in our minds with very specific tools. Programmer - computer digger - a shovel, a waiter - a tray, etc. Such logical chain for medical labor are obvious. Physician, and this confirms everyone seems to us with a stethoscope, scalpel, neurological hammer, an apparatus for measuring pressure and other very necessary thing, designed to put people diagnosed and treated after the disease-specific.
However, no doctor will tell you that the seemingly obvious fact that his main instruments of labor are the subject of a special medical purposes. For the most part-time doctor spends not in the operating room, not at the bedside, not in conversations with relatives. Most of the time the doctor wrote. And he can not step without stepping stationery - pens, pencils, pens, paper, glue, paper clips, etc.
Have you watched movies about doctors? And how many are they writing? Few write! They're thought to treat and save all - it's called "socialist realism". After the socialist realist films about doctors not to remove, as a heavy life of prostitutes to the people is more interesting. But in the past and now the doctors write a lot. Much - to put it mildly. The mere phrase "doctor's handwriting is" worth something!
You, and it is quite possible, not imagine, but the author certainly knows that no Hippocratic oath, nor the oath Physician of the Soviet Union was not a single proposal with the words: "I solemnly swear in good order to maintain medical records."
But look at the district office of your therapist, in ordinatorskuyu any department of any hospital in the small room doctor on duty of any hospital - the same spectacle will appear before your eyes: a man who writes in a white robe. And your very inopportune peeking, your quiet knock on the door, and timidly, "you can?" Unforgivable your curiosity is very (!) Interfere. Prevent write!
Why is this happening? Who needs it? Is 7, once again - the letters - seven years should have free, ie, at public expense to teach a specific person to all he did was write!
Initiation of future doctors to the literary work brand name viagra really begins with the college. Physicians are taught in detail not only the identification of a symptom, but also how to describe this symptom in the history of the disease. As the patient to ask how to find out all that he complains about how to record it all - write properly, correctly and clearly. Where all sorts of future engineers write coursework projects, future doctors write medical history. Teacher of each clinical department to supply the student credit and allow for the examination only after having read the poor fellow-student prepared case history. And these stories for years of training must write dozens.
A naive guys think that the doctor only treats and accepts gifts from grateful patients begin to wonder and ask stupid questions, the most frequent of which is: "For what (to whom) is it for?".
And the guys get back. Response, which at first shocked, but it gradually ceases to amaze even. It sounds so this answer: "The history of the disease written for a prosecutor." Contained the phrase each graduate Medical Institute have heard dozens of times and almost each teacher. Future doctors a detailed explanation of the fact that the chief criterion for evaluating the quality of medical work is the quality of medical records. At any point in this documentation may be removed and analyzed, and found defects can serve as a basis for administrative penalties - in the best case for trial - at worst. Therefore, in order to forestall possible and quite likely in trouble, must know how to write.
What is the history of the disease? From the standpoint of common sense, especially for the physician. In the history of the disease is described by the dynamics of disease symptoms, tests are stored there, and there are records of diagnosis and prescribed treatment, and transactions, and plans for the doctor of the future (what to do, what to designate what to recommend).
Record all this can be different. Household sample. Diagnosis: burned out light bulb in the kitchen. The treatment: replacement bulbs. In history it will look like this: complaints about the darkness in the kitchen. Repeated clicking on the on-switch does not lead to the appearance of light. Given the fact that the corridor lights are on, you must conclude that electricity is lost. By reaching light bulbs with delivered directly underneath the chair and rotational motions of removing the light bulb, consider it to light. Clearly visible burned spiral ... and so on - about how screwed back, how to turn and how come healing, ie, the light appeared.
We all gave the same diplomas. They wrote that we are doctors, and this is quite logical conclusion: we can and have the right to diagnose and treat. But those who gave us these diplomas, and those of our immediate work is overseen by constantly question: whether and know how? And we have a right? And every step, every diagnosis, every delivery of drugs, each of our study, we should not just be formulated. We have to prove it! Show all described in detail.
And picking up any history, any professor and any chief medical officer will always be able to say: but the evidence is not enough! This analysis is available, this has not been described and absolutely nothing is not assigned to ascorbic acid! And in general should not write "leg" and "lower limb", not "burn" and "thermal injury", and even to the same handwriting is illegible, and some weird spot ... What are you doing for the doctor, my friend, even if medical history can not in order to bring!
Deceived us professors-teachers! Nothing to do with the prosecutors here! Attorney-less it is written, the easier to understand. Attorney-one should find out: the diagnosis and compliance with this diagnosis to treatment and the survey that were conducted. And everything else for whom?
To order! So that everyone knew his place. We're on themselves conduct the dossier, so that every manager knew - how we think and think whether all that we know and we know whether anything at all. And for all that we write, we, at any time very easily, and to punish. With medical documentation is very easy to manage health. What are you doing there mouth open? Well, now carry the history of the disease on proverochku!
Each department produces a mandatory "Guidelines for the management of medical history." Constantly being created instructions: how to write, to diagnose and treat. A doctor is a lot. And the rest, those who still did not get laid off, not only of patients will have more, but the medical records. It turns out that managing human resources becomes easier: the documentation is worse (less than written), and hence more "defects" and more opportunities to be punished for the shortcomings.
Maybe you should first do not cut people, and scribbling? Maybe ask the smart pundits to learn how to write less, and Viagra Viagra is suitable whether you near the patient to be longer to allow time away from the papers and in his eyes to look and talk like human beings. Maybe instruct proveryalschikam to talk to a doctor, not with chief physicians, lest history scroll, and wondered: how and what you can to help, what to give, not what to take and cut.
And an interesting zadachka: if every medical history cut on one page, how many computers could be bought for a year on savings paper?
Unfortunately, the current system of medical records is not just flawed. This particular social ill. For provokes unnatural selection is not by ability, not ability to treat, diagnose, operate, and in order to supposedly supposedly very important papers. And in this negative state of health, for a private clinic rather invite the physician, as a writer.
Quite far from our regional center, in the most ordinary of the district hospital for nearly 20 years worked as a surgeon friend of mine. A man with a truly golden hands. And when it was bad to me personally and my close people, we crept up to him to get what we are all so lacking in our medicine - kindness, participation, skill.
He is a surgeon, they say, from God. Wonderful doctor, intelligent, erudite. In any country of the world's leading hospitals have fought for this doctor. He can stand for days in the operating room, but its sick at the thought of the need to take up writing accessories.
He has none! Not head of the department and PhD, just a doctor, not even the highest category, it is no category at all. It seems he has no chance.
However, no doctor will tell you that the seemingly obvious fact that his main instruments of labor are the subject of a special medical purposes. For the most part-time doctor spends not in the operating room, not at the bedside, not in conversations with relatives. Most of the time the doctor wrote. And he can not step without stepping stationery - pens, pencils, pens, paper, glue, paper clips, etc.
Have you watched movies about doctors? And how many are they writing? Few write! They're thought to treat and save all - it's called "socialist realism". After the socialist realist films about doctors not to remove, as a heavy life of prostitutes to the people is more interesting. But in the past and now the doctors write a lot. Much - to put it mildly. The mere phrase "doctor's handwriting is" worth something!
You, and it is quite possible, not imagine, but the author certainly knows that no Hippocratic oath, nor the oath Physician of the Soviet Union was not a single proposal with the words: "I solemnly swear in good order to maintain medical records."
But look at the district office of your therapist, in ordinatorskuyu any department of any hospital in the small room doctor on duty of any hospital - the same spectacle will appear before your eyes: a man who writes in a white robe. And your very inopportune peeking, your quiet knock on the door, and timidly, "you can?" Unforgivable your curiosity is very (!) Interfere. Prevent write!
Why is this happening? Who needs it? Is 7, once again - the letters - seven years should have free, ie, at public expense to teach a specific person to all he did was write!
Initiation of future doctors to the literary work brand name viagra really begins with the college. Physicians are taught in detail not only the identification of a symptom, but also how to describe this symptom in the history of the disease. As the patient to ask how to find out all that he complains about how to record it all - write properly, correctly and clearly. Where all sorts of future engineers write coursework projects, future doctors write medical history. Teacher of each clinical department to supply the student credit and allow for the examination only after having read the poor fellow-student prepared case history. And these stories for years of training must write dozens.
A naive guys think that the doctor only treats and accepts gifts from grateful patients begin to wonder and ask stupid questions, the most frequent of which is: "For what (to whom) is it for?".
And the guys get back. Response, which at first shocked, but it gradually ceases to amaze even. It sounds so this answer: "The history of the disease written for a prosecutor." Contained the phrase each graduate Medical Institute have heard dozens of times and almost each teacher. Future doctors a detailed explanation of the fact that the chief criterion for evaluating the quality of medical work is the quality of medical records. At any point in this documentation may be removed and analyzed, and found defects can serve as a basis for administrative penalties - in the best case for trial - at worst. Therefore, in order to forestall possible and quite likely in trouble, must know how to write.
What is the history of the disease? From the standpoint of common sense, especially for the physician. In the history of the disease is described by the dynamics of disease symptoms, tests are stored there, and there are records of diagnosis and prescribed treatment, and transactions, and plans for the doctor of the future (what to do, what to designate what to recommend).
Record all this can be different. Household sample. Diagnosis: burned out light bulb in the kitchen. The treatment: replacement bulbs. In history it will look like this: complaints about the darkness in the kitchen. Repeated clicking on the on-switch does not lead to the appearance of light. Given the fact that the corridor lights are on, you must conclude that electricity is lost. By reaching light bulbs with delivered directly underneath the chair and rotational motions of removing the light bulb, consider it to light. Clearly visible burned spiral ... and so on - about how screwed back, how to turn and how come healing, ie, the light appeared.
We all gave the same diplomas. They wrote that we are doctors, and this is quite logical conclusion: we can and have the right to diagnose and treat. But those who gave us these diplomas, and those of our immediate work is overseen by constantly question: whether and know how? And we have a right? And every step, every diagnosis, every delivery of drugs, each of our study, we should not just be formulated. We have to prove it! Show all described in detail.
And picking up any history, any professor and any chief medical officer will always be able to say: but the evidence is not enough! This analysis is available, this has not been described and absolutely nothing is not assigned to ascorbic acid! And in general should not write "leg" and "lower limb", not "burn" and "thermal injury", and even to the same handwriting is illegible, and some weird spot ... What are you doing for the doctor, my friend, even if medical history can not in order to bring!
Deceived us professors-teachers! Nothing to do with the prosecutors here! Attorney-less it is written, the easier to understand. Attorney-one should find out: the diagnosis and compliance with this diagnosis to treatment and the survey that were conducted. And everything else for whom?
To order! So that everyone knew his place. We're on themselves conduct the dossier, so that every manager knew - how we think and think whether all that we know and we know whether anything at all. And for all that we write, we, at any time very easily, and to punish. With medical documentation is very easy to manage health. What are you doing there mouth open? Well, now carry the history of the disease on proverochku!
Each department produces a mandatory "Guidelines for the management of medical history." Constantly being created instructions: how to write, to diagnose and treat. A doctor is a lot. And the rest, those who still did not get laid off, not only of patients will have more, but the medical records. It turns out that managing human resources becomes easier: the documentation is worse (less than written), and hence more "defects" and more opportunities to be punished for the shortcomings.
Maybe you should first do not cut people, and scribbling? Maybe ask the smart pundits to learn how to write less, and Viagra Viagra is suitable whether you near the patient to be longer to allow time away from the papers and in his eyes to look and talk like human beings. Maybe instruct proveryalschikam to talk to a doctor, not with chief physicians, lest history scroll, and wondered: how and what you can to help, what to give, not what to take and cut.
And an interesting zadachka: if every medical history cut on one page, how many computers could be bought for a year on savings paper?
Unfortunately, the current system of medical records is not just flawed. This particular social ill. For provokes unnatural selection is not by ability, not ability to treat, diagnose, operate, and in order to supposedly supposedly very important papers. And in this negative state of health, for a private clinic rather invite the physician, as a writer.
Quite far from our regional center, in the most ordinary of the district hospital for nearly 20 years worked as a surgeon friend of mine. A man with a truly golden hands. And when it was bad to me personally and my close people, we crept up to him to get what we are all so lacking in our medicine - kindness, participation, skill.
He is a surgeon, they say, from God. Wonderful doctor, intelligent, erudite. In any country of the world's leading hospitals have fought for this doctor. He can stand for days in the operating room, but its sick at the thought of the need to take up writing accessories.
He has none! Not head of the department and PhD, just a doctor, not even the highest category, it is no category at all. It seems he has no chance.
الاشتراك في:
الرسائل (Atom)